Structure-Based Design of Recombinant Spike Subunit Vaccine for Coronavirus Diseases

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still surging across the globe and has affected serious problems for both health global economy; therefore, development of a vaccine with good efficacy becomes must. To tackle pandemic, numerous sectors academia, industry, government collaborate to develop investigate potential platforms. recombinant subunit one safest types vaccine. However, its lagged behind other platforms, owing need greater antigen manufacturability immunogenicity. In this review, we outline several protein engineering strategies carried out in developing COVID-19 vaccine, including fusion antigens Fc fragment human IgG, carrier proteins, trimerization domains, stabilizing mutations. A systematic literature review was performed summarize key takeaways from studies on vaccines SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, highlighting design expression system, structure, vivo vitro results each strategy. Several strategies, particularly S RBD, can improve antigen's stability, manufacturability, Finally, novel are expected be further developed increase vaccines' overall manufacturing, current candidates will processed into clinical stages confirm their against pathogenic coronaviruses.